Sunday, 30 November 2008

Revisiting Canna 'Falstaff'


A medium sized Crozy Group cultivar; green foliage, lanceolate shaped, arching habit; triangular stems, coloured green; spikes of flowers are open, salmon rayed with scarlet, staminodes are narrow, edges irregular, petals red, fully self-cleaning; fertile both ways, not self-pollinating or true to type, capsules globose; rhizomes are thick, up to 3 cm in diameter, coloured white and purple; tillering is average.

Introduced by Malcolm Dalebö, Claines Canna Collection, Worcester, England, EU in 2006. This is an outcome of our project to emulate the original Année crossing, and then the interbreeding that produced larger and larger flowers under the heading of the Crozy Group. This variety has had no exposure to C. iridiflora and has certain advantages to breeders as a result.

Saturday, 29 November 2008

Revisiting Canna 'Glevum'


A medium sized Crozy Group cultivar; green and purple variegated foliage, oblong shaped, spreading habit; triangular stems, coloured purple; panicles of flowers are open, self-coloured orange, staminodes are medium size, fully self-cleaning; fertile both ways, not self-pollinating or true to type, capsules globose; rhizomes are thick, up to 3 cm in diameter, coloured pink; tillering is slow.

Introduced by Martin Davis, Gloucester, England, EU.


Friday, 28 November 2008

Revisiting Canna 'Adolf Ernst'


A medium sized Crozy Group cultivar; purple foliage, oval shaped, white margin, spreading habit; oval stems, coloured green; flowers are open, red with a yellow margin, staminodes are medium size, edges irregular; fertile both ways, not known if true to type, not self-pollinating, capsules oblong; rhizomes are thick, up to 3 cm in diameter, coloured pink and purple; tillering is average.

Introduced by G. Ernst. Named for Adolf Ernst, a leading botanist in the 19th Century, and a correspondant with Charles Darwin.



Thursday, 27 November 2008

Discovering Canna 'Admiral Schley'


A medium sized Crozy Group cultivar; green foliage, oval shaped, branching habit; oval stems, coloured green; flowers are scarlet with a narrow yellow margin; fertile both ways, not self-pollinating or true to type; rhizomes are thick, up to 3 cm in diameter, coloured white and purple; tillering is average.

This cultivar featured in the 1908 RHS Outdoor Canna Trials at their Wisley gardens, England, EU. It was named for Admiral Winfield Scott Schley (9 October 1839 - 2 October 1911). One of the USA's most distinguished naval heros, his most famous exploit was the Battle of Santiago de Cuba where he commanded the US fleet which completely destroyed the Spanish squadron that tried to run a blockade of the port.

We have twice been offered this variety in exchanges, but the trades never materialised. It is obviously still being grown in the USA in private collections.

Wednesday, 26 November 2008

Peat alternatives flawed

As the 2010 deadline for meeting the UK Government's 90% reduction target looms ever nearer, it is almost certain that the standard will not be met.

Although no one in Government will admit the failure of this goal, the horticultural industry is quite clear that such significant peat reduction is impossible in such a short time.

As is so often the case, this whole sorry farce started out as a naive attempt to alter the very structure of a major industry by a political dictate. This time the dictate came from DEFRA (the Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs is the United Kingdom government department responsible for environmental protection, food production and standards, agriculture, fisheries and rural communities). The dictate was noisily supported by the usual suspects, the leading one this time being "Friends of the Earth", who seem to have assumed the mantle of owners and social conscience of all peat resources in Europe.

So, what should have happened in an intelligent world. Well, first DEFRA should have commissioned a body to produce a viable, economical alternative to a peat based compost, witness previous Government sponsored initiatives with Growmore and John Innes standards, and only then started to apply quotas and restrictions. Instead it was left to "the industry" to sort it out.

Locally, we had our usual failures, the Worcester City Council started producing it's own "green" peat-free compost with a flourish of trumpets, via a third party. This was of such a poor quality that they had to quickly rebrand it as a "soil improver", as there was no way that it could possibly be considered as an alternative to a professional peat based compost. In addition, it is more expensive than professional peat based composts. It is amazing how the term "soil improver" did not exist in public parlance three years ago, but now it's with us everywhere as a product designator.

So, what is wrong with the locally produced "green" alternative. Well, we tried it and we found that the very high acidic levels meant that we would have to weather it outdoors for several years before we could use it for growing our Cannas. In addition, there are no water absorbing materials present, just pour in the water and watch it pour out at the same rate from the bottom of the pot! We would have to mix it with expensive Vermiculite or Perlite if we wanted to grow any plants, let alone Cannas, in it. Lastly there is zero recorded food and mineral content, so it would need a good additional food mix before we could use it in pots to grow Cannas, but even then it is very unscientific as there are bound to be some foods of some sort in the "improver" that will interfere randomly with the attempt to provide a professional, balanced, horticultural compost. However, the local amateur gardener has to take such things on trust, and such gardeners are not getting straight answers at present.

So, what have local authorities achieved by producing this apparently useless "soil improver"? Well, they have managed to take all the garden waste that they were obliged to dispose of and turn it into something that does not have to go to landfill. However, you cannot base an horticultural industry on something as low quality as this, although it is an appealing black, peat-like colour, which might fool the uninitiated that it was of some use in the garden. This soil improver is not the equal of our own composts heaps!

I have no reason to believe that Worcester City Council are any worse than any other Local Authority in the United Kingdom. This whole illusion of replacing professionally harvested peat by recycled garden rubbish is just that, an illusion!

The big players in the industry have tried to step in and provide peat alternatives based on the sort of material we have described being produced by Worcester Council. Trials have shown them to be a poor alternative to the traditional peat based products. As yet, it has to be considered an horticultural failure, and I have resisted the naming of the brands involved, to save them commercial embarrassment. However, we have tried them all and we are in despair at how bad they all are.

At Claines Canna, whenever we can use an alternative "green" method we do; however, with the best will in the world we have no intention of attempting to grow-on our seedlings and new accessions in anything but a traditional peat based compost. Those things are too valuable to us to entrust them to the poor, pathetic substitutes that are being offered at the moment, and in addition, we cannot afford the significantly higher costs involved.

When DEFRA gets around to admitting that it's targets are not going to be met, then instead of condemning the horticultural and gardening industries of failure and trying to use a big stick to exercise punishment, it should take a look at it's own flawed initiation policy and start again from scratch with a policy that is more mature than the failed approach they have used so far.

Tuesday, 25 November 2008

Revisiting Canna 'Ambassador'


A medium sized Italian Group cultivar; dark foliage, oval shaped, maroon margin, branching habit; oval stems, coloured purple; panicles of flowers are cupped, self-coloured scarlet, staminodes are large, edges lightly frilled, petals purple with farina, fully self-cleaning, good bloomer; seed is sterile, pollen is sterile; rhizomes are thick, up to 3 cm in diameter, coloured purple; tillering is average.

Probably a mutation of the old chimera, C. 'Yellow King Humbert', as it bears a close resemblance to other known mutations, and there is no claim to be an originator from any known source. Synonyms are: C. 'Ambassadeur', C. 'Ambassador Red', C. 'The Amabassador'

Monday, 24 November 2008

What is man's best friend?

The topic came up recently in conversation, which really is man's best friend?

Straight away the more adrenalin driven friends said that it was the dog. The dog is the only animal that will step in between us and an attacker and lay its life on the line for us, so it must be our best friend. Immediately I felt rapport with that point of view, I have cried, unashamedly, like a baby at the end of life of so many dogs that I shared a great love with.

Then others step in and say that it is the cat, the cat is continuously on guard around us, protecting us from all things that it can physically control, and warning us about other predators.

This awoke a feeling of sympathy from me, especially as I owe my life to a cat.

As a child of about 6 months of age, my mother put me in a playpen outside on the lawn outside our home to enjoy the sun and play to my hearts content. Smuttsy, our cat, as usual took up a guarding position at the edge of the lawn and the day drifted along.

The house was in the married quarters at the Royal Norwegian Airforce base at Kjevik, near Kristiansand in Southern Norway. When, suddenly, my mother heard screaming from the garden from both me and Smuttsy, and she dashed to the kitchen window to see a huge viper on the lawn trying to get to me, with Smuttsy attached by her teeth to its head and shaking it as hard as she could. I was cheering on Smuttsy, with no understanding of what was happening.

My mother dashed outside clutching a broom, and upon seeing her approaching as well, the viper gave up it foray and desperately retreated to the woods with Smuttsy still hanging on, screaming and spitting, until she emerged a few minutes later, swaggering over her triumph. Since then, almost every cat I have lived with (never owned a single one of them) was named Smuttsy, I could do no less for my babyhood saviour, and so it must be my best friend ever?

Then again, someone else turned around and said that man's best friend is the honeybee. That sounds a bit extreme I thought, but then I was given the facts.

Some 250,000 species of flowering plants depend on bees for pollination. Many of these are crucial to world agriculture. Bees increase the yields of around 90 crops, such as apples, blueberries and cucumbers by up to 30%, so many fruits and vegetables would become scarce and prohibitively expensive.

In addition, many of our medicines, both conventional and alternative remedies, come from flowering plants. And cotton is another essential product pollinated by the bee, so we could say goodbye to cheap T-shirts and jeans.

But it's not just the human race that would suffer. Spare a thought for the poor birds and small mammals that feed off the berries and seeds that rely on bee pollination. They would die of hunger and in turn their predators – the omnivores or carnivores that continue the food chain would also starve. We could survive on wind-pollinated grains and fish, but there would be wars for control of dwindling food supplies. South America's ancient Mayan civilisation is thought to have died of starvation.

Although other insects and animals do pollinate – such as bats, butterflies and even wasps – none is designed like the bee as a pollinator machine. Who would want a world without honey, flowers, and third of everything we eat including chocolate and coffee? Not me. There are 20,000 bee species around the world including solitary bees, bumblebees and honeybees. Many are monoletic – pollinate one plant – others like bumblebees and honeybees are polylectic. While bumblebees live in colonies of a few hundred, the sheer number of honeybees in a hive – up to 50,000 in the summer - and their ability to be managed, manipulated and transported by man makes them the most valuable pollinator.

Unfortunately all bees are already under serious threat. Industrialised farming with its monocultures and pesticides has destroyed biodiversity and robbed the majority of bees of their habitat and food. While across the globe, the western honeybee – bred for its gentle nature and prolific honey making and pollination – is plagued by parasites and viruses, and also jeopardised by modern agricultural practices. More than a third of honeybees were wiped out in the US this year by Colony Collapse Disorder, a mysterious disease which is thought to be a combination of these assailants.

Bee populations are in free fall, and a world without bees would be totally catastrophic for mankind. The bee advocates maintained that the work done for us by the bees, and the fact that they do not harm us in any way, unless they feel themselves threatened, makes them our best friends, and we should be doing everything in our power to save and allow then to prosper as one our very best friends.

And that's how I left the question of man's best friend. I have loved and laughed with my dog and cat life companions, I can never do that with the honeybee, but I can treat it as my most valuable co-existing friend. I leave lavender flowering into the winter to give them late food and I have other plants flowering early to give them feed before the main crops burst into flower. It is just a question of becoming aware of the unique relationship we have with the honeybee.

Another friend, who is a bee-keeper, seemed surprised that not everybody thinks this way.



Sunday, 23 November 2008

Canna speciosa (Roscoe) Hook. Part 2

So, having now established that Canna speciosa is a distinct and separate species we are left with another awkward decision to make.

unknown species type, incorrect C. speciosa

What are we going to do with the plants that we have been calling C. speciosa in our ignorance, but obviously are not that species? This is an attractive plant, that has not become any the less attractive now that it's name cannot be called C. speciosa.

Our own plant has now changed its label and it is labelled as "unknown species type, incorrect speciosa". That way I will continue looking for a correct name, and not loose sight of the fact that this was the one which was once erroneously call C. speciosa.

Saturday, 22 November 2008

Canna speciosa (Roscoe) Hook. Part 1


A medium sized species; green foliage, large, oval shaped, spreading habit; round stems, coloured green; flowers are erect, red speckled with yellow, staminodes are small, edges regular, petals purple with farina, fully self-cleaning; fertile both ways, self-pollinating and also true to type, capsules round; rhizomes are thick, up to 3 cm in diameter, coloured white and pink; tillering is prolific.

A species introduced to England from South America in 1820. Flowers from August until the first frost in October or November. This species has been confirmed by Dr Tanake using DNA analysis, so it's future as a separate species now seems assured.

Synonym: C. indica var. speciosa (Roscoe ex Sims) Baker

Friday, 21 November 2008

Revisiting Canna 'Shell Pink'


A medium sized Crozy Group cultivar; green foliage, oblong shaped, branching habit; spikes of flowers are open, self-coloured pale pink, staminodes are medium size, edges irregular, fully self-cleaning; fertile both ways, not self-pollinating or true to type, capsules globose.

Introduced by W. Pfitzer, Stadt Felbach, Stuttgart, Germany, EU. Synonym: C. 'Pfitzers' Shell Pink'.

Thursday, 20 November 2008

Revisiting Canna 'Scorch'


A medium sized Foliage Group cultivar; green foliage, oval shaped, branching habit; triangular stems, coloured green; spikes of flowers are erect, self-coloured peach, staminodes are narrow, labellum is peach, stamen is gold with pink spots, style is gold; fertile both ways, not self-pollinating or true to type, capsules globose; rhizomes are thick, up to 3 cm in diameter, coloured white; tillering is average.

The foliage has a wide burgundy secondary margin, giving the leaves the look of having been scorched by the sun, hence its name.

Wednesday, 19 November 2008

Revisiting Canna 'Verdi'


A medium sized Crozy Group cultivar; bronze foliage, oval shaped, maroon margin, branching habit; panicles of flowers are open, self-coloured red-orange (32A), staminodes are medium size, edges lightly frilled, fully self-cleaning; fertile both ways, not self-pollinating or true to type, capsules globose; rhizomes are thick, up to 3 cm in diameter, coloured pink and purple; tillering is average.

Awards: Awarded Award of Garden Merit (AGM) at 2002 RHS Outdoor Canna Trials at Wisley, England. Synonyms: C. 'Brighton Orange', C. 'Eric Neubert', C. 'Eric Newbert', C. 'Grand Duc'

Tuesday, 18 November 2008

Revisiting Canna 'J.C. Vaughan'

A medium sized Crozy Group cultivar; green and purple variegated foliage, oval shaped, maroon margin, branching habit; spikes of flowers are open, self-coloured fuchsia, throat pale pink, staminodes are narrow, edges regular, fully self-cleaning, average bloomer; fertile both ways, not self-pollinating or true to type, capsules globose; rhizomes are thick, up to 3 cm in diameter, coloured white and purple; tillering is average.


This one was mentioned several time in the Garden and Forest Magazine, in the 1890's, but no clue to the introducer. It could be that this is another variety created by Crozy in France, and sold to Vaughan's the venerable American nurserymen, who named it for one of the family members, as they did with Canna 'Florence Vaughan' about the same time. However, that is speculation, and some research on this one is still required.

Monday, 17 November 2008

Over-wintering Cannas

A rhizome is not a bulb. In botany, a rhizome is a horizontal stem of a plant that is usually found underground, and in Canna sending out roots and shoots from its nodes. Rhizomes may also be referred to as creeping rootstalks, or rootstocks. In general, rhizomes have short internodes; they send out roots from the bottom of the nodes and new upward-growing shoots from the top of the nodes.

For Cannas, the rhizome is used by gardeners to propagate the plants by a process known as vegetative reproduction.

So how does a rhizome differ from a bulb? A bulb is an underground vertical shoot that has modified leaves (or thickened leaf bases) that are used as food storage organs by a dormant plant. A Canna is never dormant, it is growing 52 weeks of the year. That is the bit that so many get wrong when handling their Cannas over the winter.

In the northern hemisphere, in England, our Cannas are growing outdoors for 6 months and spend the remaining 6 months being abused indoors! We see books and articles telling us to dry them out, cut of the roots and then leave them in boxes of peat until the spring. Watering is hardly ever mentioned. So all the Canna will be doing is draining its energy reserves stored in the rhizome to keep life growing. If it had a bad growing summer before it may not have enough food reserves to keep going and will just give up life. We have all seen rhizomes that do that.

So, what is the best way to over-winter a Canna. It certainly is not to leave it in a pot in a garage and ignore it for 6 months. While it may still have roots, it is in soil that the ever-hungry Canna will have depleted of minerals during the summer. Although it has roots, but no food, means it is drawing on energy in the rhizome during the winter months to keep going. The least that should be done in that case is to add fertilizer to the pot, lightly water and ensure that it never dries out. It will not produce any starch to plumpen up the rhizome when it has no foliage, but it will not deplete the rhizome of its stored energy.

There is an urban myth that says that if the first leaf in the spring is bad, then the Canna has virus. A little thought and understanding would reverse that, and the wisdom should be that a good first leaf indicates great health, but while early leaves may not be good, by the time the plant is growing with roots in well-treated soil if it is not producing better and better leaves, then it possibly has virus.

We often see what happens when you buy dry rhizomes from garden centres. They are usually withered and depleted of any stored energy. They are grown over the summer and people are disappointed. However, if given TLC during that first summer and over-wintered correctly then the plant will often amaze the next year, unless it has a bad infection of virus, which is a different matter altogether. So, I always recommend waiting until the second year before passing judgement.

So whatever method you use to store your Cannas over-winter, I would recommend that you ensure that it is kept ticking over for that long winter period.

Sunday, 16 November 2008

Visiting Canna 'Margaret Strange'


A medium sized Premier Group cultivar; dark foliage, oval shaped, branching habit; panicles of flowers are open, self-coloured orange-red, staminodes are medium size; fertile both ways, not self-pollinating or true to type, capsules globose; rhizomes are thick, up to 3 cm in diameter, coloured pink and purple; tillering is average.

Introduced by James Ranger, Wokingham, Berkshire, England, EU, in memory of a member of the local gardening community.

I always think that there is no nicer way for a gardener to be remembered than by having a new cultivar named after them.

Saturday, 15 November 2008

Revisiting Canna 'Madame Chabanne'


A medium sized Crozy Group cultivar; green foliage, oval shaped, branching habit; round stems, coloured green; spikes of flowers are open, yellow with pink spots, staminodes are medium size, edges irregular, style is yellow, petals yellow, fully self-cleaning; fertile both ways, not self-pollinating or true to type, capsules globose; rhizomes are thick, up to 3 cm in diameter, coloured white; tillering is average.

Featured in the 1908 outdoor trials at Wisley, England, EU. Examination of the RHS records will reveal the breeders of this pleasant cultivar, but our visits to the RHS Lindley Library are too infrequent for this one to climb to the top of our list that need research. One day we will reveal all!

Friday, 14 November 2008

Canna 'Madame Butterfly'


A medium sized Premier Group cultivar; dark green foliage, oblong shaped, green margin, branching habit; panicles of flowers are cupped, ivory and pale pink, staminodes are large, edges lightly frilled, fully self-cleaning, average bloomer; fertile both ways, not self-pollinating or true to type, capsules globose; rhizomes are thick, up to 3 cm in diameter, coloured white and pink; tillering is slow.

Supposedly introduced by Howard & Smith Nursery, California, USA in 1930's, but no documentary evidence to support this nursery-man assertion. It was claimed to be a member of the Grand Opera Series, originally developed by Howard and Smith. Wayside Gardens reputedly later purchased the series and added their own 'Rosenkavalier'. All cultivars in the series have large flowers in pastel shades, green foliage and are quite tall.

However, the series also contains some Italian Group cultivars and they don't happen easily or accidentally, and are out of sync with the other Crozy Group cultivars in this series. They also bear a remarkable resemblance to cultivars that were developed many years before this series was supposedly developed. Suffice to say that I suspect that this was a marketing exercise by Wayside Gardens to repackage older varieties.

Thursday, 13 November 2008

Canna 'Madame Angèle Martin'


A medium sized Premier Group cultivar; dark foliage, ovoid shaped, maroon margin, branching habit; triangular stems, coloured green + purple; panicles of flowers are open, salmon tinged with yellow, staminodes are medium size, edges irregular, petals green, fully self-cleaning; fertile both ways, not self-pollinating or true to type, capsules globose; rhizomes are thick, up to 3 cm in diameter, coloured white; tillering is average.

Introduced by Vilmorin-Andrieux of France in 1915. Synonym: C. 'Angèle Martin'

Wednesday, 12 November 2008

Revisiting Canna 'Trinacria'


A very tall Italian Group cultivar; light green foliage, large, oval shaped, branching habit; panicles of flowers are open, self-coloured sulphur-yellow, throat pearl, staminodes are large, labellum is sulphur-yellow, stamen is sulphur-yellow, style is sulphur-yellow, petals green, fully self-cleaning, good bloomer; seed is sterile, pollen is low fertile; rhizomes are long and thin, coloured white; tillering is prolific.

Introduced by C. Sprenger, Dammann & Co., Naples, Italy, EU. Flowers show their C. flaccida heritage, they are very thin and fade very quickly, but while they are young they are an absolute delight. There is a faint lighter marking running from the throat up to the middle of some petals.

Tuesday, 11 November 2008

Canna tuerckheimii Kraenzl.


A giant species; green foliage, oblong shaped, branching habit; spikes of flowers are erect, self-coloured crimson, staminodes are long and narrow, edges regular, petals purple, fully self-cleaning; fertile both ways, not self-pollinating or true to type, capsules ellipsoid; rhizomes are thick, up to 7 cm in diameter, coloured white and purple; tillering is prolific.

Introduced by Kraenzl. Native of Belize, Costa Rica, Guatemala, Honduras, Mexico, Nicaragua, Panama, Colombia and Ecuador at altitudes of 500-2,000m (1,600 - 6,500ft). Johnson's Dictionary of 1856 reports that it first entered England in 1820 as Canna latifolia, meaning 'broad-leaved'.

Professor Paul Maas and his wife Dr. Hiltje Maas, consider C. tuerckheimii is the correct name, but Dr. Nobuyuki Tanaka considers that the correct name is C. latifolia.

Synonyms: C. altensteinii Bouché, C. 'Broadleaf', C. 'Broad-leaved canna', C. coccinea var. sylvestris (Roscoe) Regel, C. curviflora Horan., C. gemella Nees & Mart., C. gigantea F. Delaroche, C. iridiflora Willd., C. latifolia Mill., C. macrophylla Hort. ex Horan., C. 'Marabout', C. neglecta Weinm., C. sylvestris Roscoe, C. violacea Bouché

Monday, 10 November 2008

Visit Canna 'Orange Julius'


A small Italian Group cultivar; dark foliage, oval shaped, maroon margin, branching habit; oval stems, coloured purple; panicles of flowers are open, self-coloured orange, staminodes are large, edges lightly frilled, petals purple with farina, fully self-cleaning, low bloomer; seed is sterile, pollen is low fertile; rhizomes are thick, up to 3 cm in diameter, coloured purple; tillering is slow.

At times, looks like a smaller version of C. 'Wyoming', however that one is orange with red markings and variations, whereas this one is orange with golden-yellow tendencies.

Nothing seems to be known about this cultivar, it has not appeared in any research information I have seen, and never featured in any of the garden catalogues from the early 1900's. My guess is that the name has been given to an unnamed specimen in more recent times. Maybe the Mühle book will throw up some clues when we get that translated from early German to English.

Sunday, 9 November 2008

Revisiting Canna 'Egandale'


A medium sized Crozy Group cultivar; bronze foliage, oval shaped, maroon margin, branching habit; panicles of flowers are open, self-coloured cherry-red, staminodes are medium size, edges regular, fully self-cleaning, good bloomer; fertile both ways, not self-pollinating or true to type, capsules globose; rhizomes are thick, up to 3 cm in diameter, coloured purple; tillering is average.


Writing in Garden and Forest of May 23, 1894, Professor Liberty Hyde Bailey described it as having foliage dark maroon and green, very similar in coloring to the old Robusta Perfecta, although more erect in habit; very compact, throwing up numerous heads of bloom which rank with the best in quality, both in size of the heads and quality of the flower; color, bright cherry. Will be particularly sought after, as it is undoubtedly the best dark-leaved sort at the present time for outdoor bedding. Bronze Medal awarded for this at World's Fair, Chicago, 1893.

Saturday, 8 November 2008

Revisiting Canna 'Le Tigre'


A small Crozy Group cultivar; green foliage, oval shaped, branching habit; round stems, coloured green; flowers are open, yellow with light orange spots, staminodes are medium size, edges regular, petals yellow, fully self-cleaning; fertile both ways, not self-pollinating or true to type, capsules round; rhizomes are thick, up to 3 cm in diameter, coloured white; tillering is average.


Introduced by A. Crozy, Lyon, France in 1884. The earliest reference is Wilhelm Pfitzer Catalogue of 1890. Synonyms are C. 'Golden Girl', C. 'Golden Tiger'.

Friday, 7 November 2008

Revisiting Canna 'Alba Rosea Grandiflora'


A medium sized Crozy Group cultivar; green foliage, oval-acuminate shaped, spreading habit; round stems, coloured purple; spikes of flowers are open, rose and amber, throat rose, staminodes are medium size, edges regular, stamen is amber, style is pale pink, petals purple, average bloomer; fertile both ways, not self-pollinating or true to type, capsules globose; rhizomes are thick, up to 3 cm in diameter, coloured white; tillering is slow.

Earliest research reference is Henderson's Catalogue of 1897, which refers to it as 'Peachblow'. Synonyms: C. 'Albo-rosea grandiflora', C. 'Peachblow'

Thursday, 6 November 2008

New this year: Canna 'Dreamland'


A small Premier Group cultivar; dark green foliage, ovoid shaped, spreading habit; spikes of flowers are cupped, apricot and peach, staminodes are large, edges irregular, labellum is apricot and peach, petals red, fully self-cleaning, outstanding bloomer; fertile both ways, not self-pollinating or true to type, capsules globose; rhizomes are thick, up to 3 cm in diameter, coloured pink; tillering is average. All of the stamanodes and labellum are edged with a fine ivory margin, adding the final touch to this delicate dream.

Introduced by Malcolm Dalebö, Claines Canna Collection, Worcester, England, EU in 2007. Breeding is Canna 'Theresa Blakey' x open

Wednesday, 5 November 2008

New this year: Canna 'Admiration'


A medium sized Premier Group cultivar; green and purple variegated foliage, ovoid shaped, maroon margin, branching habit; spikes of flowers are open, apricot and deep-pink, staminodes are large, edges irregular, petals purple with farina, fully self-cleaning, outstanding bloomer; fertile both ways, not self-pollinating or true to type, capsules globose; rhizomes are thick, up to 3 cm in diameter, coloured white and pink; tillering is prolific.

This is a hand-pollinated cross of C. 'Theresa Blakey' x C. 'Auguste Ferrier'

Tuesday, 4 November 2008

Revisiting Canna 'Eileen Gallo'


A small Crozy Group cultivar; green and purple variegated foliage, branching habit; oval stems, coloured green + purple; flowers are open, pale pink and apricot, staminodes are medium size, edges regular, petals yellow, fully self-cleaning; fertile both ways, not self-pollinating or true to type, capsules globose; rhizomes are thick, up to 3 cm in diameter, coloured white and purple; tillering is average.

Introduced by Ben R. Hager of Stockton, California, USA.. Mr Hager is renowned primarily as a highly successful breeder of Iris and Hemerocallis. The cultivar was named for a member of the wine-making Gallo family of California.

Synonyms: C. 'Eileen Gail', C. 'Eileen Gale', C. 'Elaine Gallow', C. 'Ellen Gallow'

Monday, 3 November 2008

Revisiting Canna 'Freya'

A small Premier Group cultivar; green foliage, oblong shaped, transparent margin, branching habit; round stems, coloured green; spikes of flowers are open, cream with pink spots, staminodes are medium size, edges irregular, petals yellow, fully self-cleaning; fertile both ways, not self-pollinating or true to type, capsules round; rhizomes are thick, up to 3 cm in diameter, coloured white; tillering is average. Particularly distinctive is the thick, leathery foliage, ending with the tips elegantly cupped.

Introduced by Martin Davis, Gloucester, England, EU in 2005.

Sunday, 2 November 2008

Bees march on Parliament


Next Wednesday, on November 5, a swarm of beekeepers is marching on the Houses of Parliament, puffing their apiarist smokers and calling for MPs to save the British honeybee. Their 130,000-name petition is nothing short of a cry for survival in the face of serious bee-deaths and dire native honey shortages. The situation is so bad that there will be no English honey by Christmas, according to the Honey Association.

The harvest has been dreadful. While some beekeepers had a decent crop, the majority suffered badly. Bees die every winter but the losses this year were up 25 per cent or more, rather than a more standard 5-10 per cent. Worst of all, the wet spring and summer meant that the bees stayed in their hives. No flights, no nectar, no honey. “Last year I did two farmers' markets a month, and craft fairs and county shows. I did a Christmas fair at Ripon Cathedral with huge amounts of honey,” says Rusty Wise, who has been keeping bees for 20 years. “This year I've had 26 jars. The greatest problem is the weather, but this goes farther.”

What is happening to the bees? This is the question asked by the march's organisers, the British Beekeepers' Association (BBKA). Its petition will plead with MPs to find £8 million for research. Beekeepers need help. British honey is still a small-scale industry, with just a tenth of it sold in supermarkets. Much is still found in village stores and farmers' markets.

This is more than a question of what we spread on our toast. Bees are worth an estimated £165 million to agriculture through pollinating the plants that provide a third of the food we eat, including such common crops as orchard fruits, carrots, broccoli and onions.

For gardeners, they pollinate our flowers and vegetable plots and ensure our supply of seed for next year. This situation cannot be allowed to continue. Why are not the RHS involved in this immediate and crucial crisis? Why are they aways involved in an abstract, dreamland that most of can't comprehend?

Saturday, 1 November 2008

A holiday romance



Photographed in Cyprus last week in a thriving bed of Cannas, literally only metres away from the sea. This Italian Group specimen has green branching foliage and this distinctive golden yellow throat, speckled with red. The orange-red petals rapidly turn a darker shade of red under the hot Mediterranean sun. I have, as yet, been unable to identify it, but I fell madly in love with it there and then, and the photo on the left taken by Margaret shows me totally besotted by this discovery. (I wish that she has instructed me to breath in first!).

The bed was only a few metres from the sea, and there is no doubt that in stormy weather it is splashed by sea-water. We all know that Canna is a tough old genus, but I never realized that it could tolerate soakings of salt water as well. Has anyone else ever had experience of this? The photograph below is what you see if you stand where I did to photograph the bed, and then do a 180 degree turn around.